MS-DOS/WindowsUnix Equivalent (approximate)
Acrobat ReaderNumerous free replacements: poppler, xpdf, kpdf, ...
atat (copied from Unix)
attribchmod
bat fileshell script
c:(see Drive Letters)
callsh
cdcd (copied from Unix)
cd[no args]pwd
chcp(done with environment variable LANG)
chdircd (copied from Unix, with a longer name)
chkdskfsck
cmd/commanda terminal program + a shell (many choices)
copycp
datedate (but doesn't force you to hit return after)
delrm
dirls
dir/sfind (sometimes locate)
Drive lettersMount points (unified filesystem)
edlinvi, emacs (256x more powerful)
eraserm
excelscalc (part of libreoffice)
exitexit
fcdiff
fdiskfdisk (the one command here copied TO Unix)
helphelp
ifif (many more flow control capabilities)
IISApache Httpd, Apache Tomcat, JBoss AS, nginx, many others
IllustratorInkscape (free)
Internet ExplorerFirefox, Chrome, Chromebooks
ipconfigifconfig (copied w/ 1-char name change from BSD Unix)
md,mkdirmkdir
moremore (copied from Unix)
MS Officelibreoffice.org, koffice, others.
MS Windows(Linux|OpenBSD|FreeBSD|...) + X Windows + (KDE|GNOME|XFCE|...)
net usemount
notepadkedit,kate,gedit,...
NUL:/dev/null (copied from Unix)
OfficeWhere I work. See MS Office.
PageMakerScribus (free)
PhotoshopGimp (free)
popdpopd (depends on shell)
powerpointImpress (part of libreoffice)
printlp/lpr (backed by lpd or CUPS)
PublisherLibreOffice Writer, Scribus
pushdpushd (depends on shell)
renmv
setset+export (Ksh/Bash); setenv (CSH)
setlocalshould be called setlocale; controlled by LOCALE environment variable
shiftshift (copied from Unix)
sortsort
SQL ServerPostgreSQL, MySQL, etc.
startn/a; depends on Desktop; can write shell script to do
timedate
title(done with echo and escape sequences in most terminal emulators)
typecat or more
veruname
volvaries; try disklabel
WindowsAre for looking out of; see MS Windows for Microsoft Windows replacements
WordIs what I speak. See 'word processing' for Microsoft Word replacements
word processingWriter (part of libreoffice); many others
xcopycp -r